Abstract: Complexity is what makes big data and traditional data fundamentally different. The complexity of big data inevitably brings uncertainty. How to deal with the complexity and uncertainty of big data efficiently, safely and accurately has become the premise and key to big data exploration. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the uncertainty set theory, big data computing and analytics, machine learning, quantum computing and quantum machine learning in big data environment in-depth, looks forward to the future development trends and points out that the cross fusion of "big data + uncertainty set theory + machine learning algorithm + quantum computing " in the coming era of "big data + artificial intelligence + quantum computing" is of value in both theoretical and actual significance, also will become a research hotspot in the field of intelligent era of big data.