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现代信息化战争中,战场边界空前扩展,渗透于陆海空天网电磁等六大领域,同时态势瞬息万变,争夺信息权的战法和范式推陈出新,未来新一代卫星载荷需要同时具备搜索、发现、识别、对抗与打击等多种不同的功能,并在轨自主运行与处理,以满足战场态势瞬息万变、任务不断变化的短时间应对需求[1-4]。
传统卫星载荷系统,天线、射频通道和信号及数据处理设备研制采取定制化方式,将载荷按照功能分类划分,依据任务需求,分解细化天线分系统增益、波束覆盖、等效全向辐射功率(effective isotropic radiated power, EIRP)、射频通道频率、带宽和增益、信号及数据处理逻辑计算、存储和I/O资源等指标,对各分机进行独立供电以及控制。各分系统间没有形成标准化接口,硬件设备层与软件功能层紧密耦合,几乎无法实现在轨功能重构,系统研制周期和成本居高不下,通过地面上注指令完成同种功能波形的简单配置,灵活性自主性不足,系统不具备开放性。通过硬件资源的堆砌实现功能的叠加,对于卫星资源造成极大的浪费,且导致严重的电磁互扰效益,同时使得卫星成本和尺寸、重量和功耗比(cost-size, weight and power, C-SWaP)性能下降,难以实现在轨升级和设计复用[5-8]。
面向多功能、软件化、可定制和可更新的卫星装备需求,需要改变目前卫星载荷通信、遥感、导航增强、电子侦察及干扰等装备独立设计的理念,使卫星同时具备以上能力,基于孔径一体、通道一体、处理一体设计理念,实现多种功能电磁信号统一发射、接收及处理。本文采用基于紧耦合机理和电磁超材料加载的超宽带阵列天线,实现超宽带宽角扫描,极化模式可随任务需要重构,完成对电磁空间多种功能信号的统一发射接收。基于射频全链路可重构架构及硅基微机电(micro-electro mechanical system, MEMS)和射频硅通孔(RF through Silicon Via, RF TSV)工艺,通过多层硅转接板堆叠将射频前端和射频通道进行三维异构集成,实现工作频率、带宽、增益和输出功率灵活重构和最高工作频率对应半波长尺度内的高密度三维集成[9],最终实现综合射频系统全谱覆盖、可重构复用、信号数字化和微系统化。本文采用实时总线与实时中间件,进行异构式射频资源抽象,实现孔径和射频资源的统一管理、调度和控制。基于三维异构集成技术,实现多核中央处理器CPU、多核数字信号处理器DSP和高性能现场可编程门阵列FPGA异构高效的芯片及软件化综合处理微系统,完成多种功能波形的统一部署和能力重构。
Multifunctional Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Signal Transmitting Receiving and Processing Technology
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摘要: 针对导航增强、通信、雷达探测、电子侦察和干扰综合多功能一体化载荷系统对硬件通用化、功能软件化和资源虚拟化的需求,实现最大限度资源复用与共享,提出了低剖面、超宽带宽角扫描、极化可重构的综合孔径技术,基于射频全链路可重构架构和三维异构集成的综合射频微系统技术;基于硬件进程实现超异构计算资源灵活调度和动态管理技术。该文提出的综合多功能一体化电磁信号发射接收处理架构和关键技术,为未来分布式多域智能网联电子系统的软件化、虚拟化和智能化提供技术基础。Abstract: In radar communication and electronic warfare, multifunctional integrated load system needs hardware generalization, functions based on software and resource virtualization, so as to realize resource reuse and sharing to the maximum extent. In this paper, we design a polar-reconfigurable antenna array with low profile, ultra-wideband and wide angle scanning, a comprehensive RF microsystem with reconfigurable RF performances, and a high-performance heterogeneous computing platform for flexible resource scheduling and dynamic management. The multifunctional integrated architecture and its key technologies proposed in this paper lay the technical foundation for the function based on software, virtualization and intelligentization of distributed multi-domain intelligent networked electronic systems in the future.
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