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目前,美国在韩国部署“萨德”导弹防御系统已成定局,加强对该系统的研究也就格外重要。导弹防御系统是对抗弹道导弹进攻的最有效方式,到目前为止,仅有美国建成并已开展多次近实战条件下的试验。传统的导弹防御系统开始于同步轨道的预警卫星,依靠探测导弹发射时的红外信号发现目标,并在导弹关机前确定目标大致位置和射向,引导预警雷达对目标进行搜索[1]。预警雷达捕获目标后进行跟踪、预报,进而引导精密跟踪雷达完成对目标的精密跟踪和拦截导引。近年来,美国利用两颗低轨预警试验星(STSS_Demo1/2)成功捕获目标并全程跟踪[2-3],已成为未来预警卫星的重要发展方向。由于太空跟踪与监视系统(space transportation system, STSS)卫星可以全程跟踪弹道导弹,其跟踪数据可以直接引导精密跟踪雷达捕获目标,相关技术已经得到试验验证。
相控阵雷达搜索优化问题就是处理好任务需求和雷达资源之间的冲突问题。在没有天基引导信息时,文献[1]和文献[4]通过优化搜索周期、探测距离、捕获时间等参数,重点解决相控阵雷达搜索与跟踪资源的冲突。文献[5-7]则探讨了相控阵雷达搜索波位和驻留时间的优化问题,但却没有考虑任务优先级问题。文献[8]采用分区搜索并设置威胁级别的方法提高相控阵雷达的搜索效率。文献[9]对地平线搜索预警的搜索波束编排问题进行了研究,以尽早捕获上升段的导弹。
当存在天基引导信息时,相控阵雷达的搜索范围进一步缩小。文献[10]研究了有预警信息条件下的相控阵雷达监视空域问题,提出了基于弹道预报的相控阵雷达小窗口监视空域模型。文献[11]则分析了在引导信息存在的条件下相控阵雷达检测性能的提升。文献[12]研究了预警引导信息对预警雷达搜索半径的影响问题,指出随着引导信息精度的提高,搜索半径将逐步缩小。上述文献在计算雷达搜索半径时,考虑低轨预警卫星引导精密跟踪雷达的较少,对应的雷达搜索半径均为球形半径。而实际上,引导误差在雷达径向的分量并不影响其角度搜索区域,以球形半径作为搜索半径明显增大了搜索区域。本文针对这一问题展开研究,以多星联合跟踪弹道导弹为例,研究观测信息引导精密跟踪雷达搜索目标时的搜索区域问题,进而为雷达合理安排搜索波束、提高搜索效率提供依据。
Study on Search Area of Phased Array Radar under the Guidance of LEO Early Warning Satellite
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0548.2016.06.006
- Received Date: 2016-09-09
- Rev Recd Date: 2016-10-10
- Publish Date: 2016-11-01
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Key words:
- LEO early warning satellite /
- phased array radar /
- radar pointing coordinate system /
- search area
Abstract: In the process of ballistic missile defense, the key to carry out missile intercept is whether the phased array radar could capture the target rapidly under the guidance of early warning satellite. Some key problems are studied in this paper, aiming at the problem of search area definition of precision tracking radar under the guidance of low earth orbit (LEO) early warning satellite. Taking the space transportation system (STSS) of the USA as the study object, the detecting precision of multi-satellite is analyzed firstly, the CramérRao Bound of position error is taken to express detection precision of tracking satellite, and then the expression and transmission of measurement error under different coordinates system are discussed. Finally, the search area of phased array radar under pointing coordinate system is proposed and deduced when searching type of phased array radar is taking into account. The simulation results indicate that when the method is adopted, the search area of phased array radar is reduced, making radar searching more purposeful.
Citation: | YAN Dong-dong, LI Zhi, XU Can. Study on Search Area of Phased Array Radar under the Guidance of LEO Early Warning Satellite[J]. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2016, 45(6): 911-916. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0548.2016.06.006 |