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近年,电动汽车的销量节节攀升,与电动汽车配套的充电设施也得到大范围铺设。未来,无线电力传输技术将应用到电动汽车充电中,使充电更加便捷、安全[1]。无线充电系统分为两个子系统:电能发送系统和电能接收系统。前者可安装在马路、停车位的地面下,后者安装在车底下。两个系统通过电磁感应进行电力传输,无需人工电缆连接。
2013年,OLEV(online electric vehicle)公交系统在韩国龟尾市内投入运营,该公交系统采用动态无线充电方式,公交车可以一边行驶一边充电[2-3]。文献[4]设计出面向动态无线充电的信息通信系统,路测控制单元与电动汽车进行实时通信,并根据车的航线对电能发送系统进行开关控制。文献[5]研究了电动汽车无线充电负荷对电力市场的影响,但它只考虑日前市场(即提前一天对负荷进行预测并安排电力生产),而且认为预测是完美的,故忽略了电动汽车驾驶行为的随机性。
由于电动汽车的驾驶速度快、航线(包括时间和地点信息)不确定,所以其无线充电负荷也是快速变化、不确定的。远距离的大型集中式发电的响应速度较慢,难以满足无线充电的需求。本地的分布式能源响应速度较快、灵活性较高[6],适合作为无线充电负荷的电力供给。可见,电动汽车无线充电市场需要一种高效的多对多电能交易机制来匹配分布式能源的供给和电动汽车的需求。
本文针对智能电网中电动汽车无线充电市场,采用迭代双边拍卖算法进行电能供需匹配。分布式能源作为电能卖方,汇集商(aggregator)汇集电动汽车的充电需求,作为电能买方。所有买方和卖方都是非合作关系,独立地进行出价。代理商作为拍卖师,根据出价进行电能分配和定价,无需买卖方的隐私信息。仿真结果表明,本文算法可以最大化供需双方的总效益,且具有较快的收敛速度,能够保证电动汽车与分布式能源之间电能分配的高效性。
Iterative Double Auction Algorithm for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Market
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0548.2017.06.012
- Received Date: 2016-09-12
- Rev Recd Date: 2016-12-27
- Publish Date: 2017-12-15
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Key words:
- electric vehicle /
- iterative double auction /
- smart grid /
- wireless charging
Abstract: In smart grid, distributed energy resources are flexible and able to support the fast-changing wireless charging demand from electric vehicles. An iterative double auction algorithm is employed to match power supply and demand for the wireless charging market, in which distributed energy resources act as power sellers, and aggregators that aggregate charging demands of electric vehicles act as power buyers. Buyers and sellers offer prices based on the principle of self-utility maximization. An agent, as an auctioneer, determines power allocation and payment according to the offered prices, and it can maximize the total utility while the private information of buyers and sellers is unknown. Simulation results show that the algorithm can maximize the total benefit of supply and demand at a fast convergence speed, ensuring the efficiency of power allocation between electric vehicles and distributed energy resources.
Citation: | ZHOU Wen-hui, ZHONG Wei-feng, WU Jie, ZOU sheng. Iterative Double Auction Algorithm for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Market[J]. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2017, 46(6): 861-865, 889. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0548.2017.06.012 |