重频吉瓦级高功率微波源硬管化技术研究

Progress in a Hard-Tube, Gigawatt-Class, Repetitively Operated High-Power Microwave Source

  • 摘要: 针对磁绝缘线振荡器(MILO)微波源负载,在高真空工艺的基础上,研制了一种强流二极管陶瓷真空界面绝缘结构;通过对阴、阳极屏蔽、均压等电极形状和尺寸的优化,使陶瓷沿面电场和阴、阳极三结合点场强均得到了有效控制。模拟结果显示:陶瓷沿面电场分布均匀,阴、阳极三结合点场强小于30 kV/cm;同时,建立了微波源器件的瞬态抽气模型,应用分子流Monte-Carlo方法,模拟了脉冲放气后微波源内部真空压强在不同时刻下的三维分布和演化规律;并以此为基础优化了内置气体捕集泵的真空拓扑结构。最后,在HEART-50脉冲功率源上开展了5 Hz实验测试,陶瓷真空界面能耐受超过600 kV的脉冲电压,沿面平均绝缘场强达到40 kV/cm,重频运行可靠;微波源在脱离地面泵组后实现了重频吉瓦级输出,脉冲串间的真空恢复时间小于1 min,平衡压强小于5×10−2 Pa,微波平均功率大于3 GW、脉宽大于40 ns。

     

    Abstract: A compact L-band sealed-tube magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) has been developed that does not require bulky external vacuum pump for repetitive operations. A special designed ceramic insulated vacuum interface was designed and the flashover was well controlled. A dynamic 3-D Monte-Carlo (MC) model for the molecular flow movement and collision was setup for the MILO chamber. The pulse desorption, gas evolution and pressure distribution were exactly simulated. In the 5 Hz repetition rate experiments, using a ~30 GW pulse modulator, the average radiated microwave power for 25 shots is about 3 GW in 40 ns pulse duration and the maximum equilibrium pressure is below 4.0×10−2 Pa. This sealed-tube MILO device is useful for compact and portable high-power microwave applications.

     

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