Abstract: The existing researches lack a uniform and valid paradigm for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the influence of network microstructure on community characteristics. In addition, the existing researches are not convincing due to limited experimental data set and insufficient consideration of the coupling between various factors. For the purpose of qualitative analysis, we conduct the analysis of the influence of microstructure on community characteristics based on null models and “Significance Test”, and complete the community structure significance detection for various types of networks, thereby accomplishing the qualitative analysis of the influence of microstructure on community characteristics. To quantitatively analyze how microstructure affects community characteristic, the paper proposes a model based on null models and “Mediating Effects Analysis”. Additionally, it also analyzes the differences of modularity values between the original network and null models or between null models and null models of community structure significance type network, eliminates the effects of microstructure on community characteristics, and quantifies the contributions of various types of network microstructure to community characteristics of different community structure significance types of networks. A comprehensive analysis of the function of microstructure on the characteristics of communities is conducted based on 550 empirical networks of different scales, including social biology, science and technology, transportation, economy, and information. This will enable a deeper understanding of the mechanism responsible for the formation of community characteristics.