Abstract: Focusing on intelligent unmanned system collaborations in unmanned and intelligent on-site business environments, this paper addresses dispersed heterogeneous computing power, difficult model collaboration, and inefficient information support, and reviews research progress and the technical system of intelligent collaborative computing. A three-dimensional review framework of “core technology system, multi-objective optimization, and domain applications and value” is constructed. Three core technical directions are summarized: intelligent computing power efficiency enhancement, intelligent model computing collaboration, and intelligent information fusion and weaving. The technical connotations, research scope, and key challenges of each direction are systematically elaborated. Multi-objective optimization strategies targeting latency, energy consumption, accuracy, and reliability are analyzed. Domain applications and value are further examined in military operations, emergency management, urban governance, and industrial production. This framework describes the evolutionary patterns of intelligent collaborative computing and identifies technical challenges and future directions in core methods, multi-objective optimization, and domain applications and value, providing a reference for its further development.