Abstract: As one of the most widely applied transport layer security protocols, the transport layer security (TLS) protocol has caused widespread attention, but it still has a lot of problems, such as complex certificate management, too much times of interactive shake hands, safety defects, and so on. Through the analysis and research on the shake hands protocol of the TLS, and combining the features of the identity-based combined public key (CPK) cryptosystems, a new CPK-based handshake protocol is proposed. The new scheme is much better in security and reliability proved by the security analysis and the formal analysis based on the strand space theory. The simulation experiment and comparison with original protocol with equivalent security show that the CPK-based handshake protocol has some obvious advantages, such as more less number of shake hands interaction, more simple identification, and the higher security and reliability.