Abstract: Faced with severe traffic congestions, the level of traffic planning and organization has been paid much attention. As a crucial and fundamental data for traffic planning and traffic organization, travel demand has been an important research topic for a long time. Stepping into the big data era, the fast developments in the research fields of human mobility and complex network offer new methodologies for predicting travel demand and improving transportation networks. In this paper, we review the important works in the areas of human mobility and transportation network, discuss the potential opportunities which bring to transportation engineering, and finally introduce a new interdisciplinary study of the two research areas.