Time Synchronization of Emerging Technology LoRa in the Evolution of Legitimacy: Mobility Awareness in Multi-Gateway Scenarios

In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware time synchronization method for multi-gateway LoRa networks. By jointly considering the selection of synchronization timing and spreading factors for both end devices and gateways, the synchronization accuracy is improved and energy consumption is reduced. This paper also proposes a mobility-aware adaptation algorithm to address the impact of end device mobility across multiple gateways. The experiments based on both LoRa testbed and simulations reveal that the proposed method can improve the synchronization accuracy by 60.43% compared with the state-of-the-art works. This paper also discusses the future directions such as transmission scheduling and the legitimacy evolution.