Abstract: The anti-coincidence detector (ACD) plays a crucial role as a component of the very large area gamma-ray space telescope (VLAST), serving to thoroughly assess the functionality and performance of the detector. Additionally, it must be compatible with future upgrades and evaluations of multiple detector versions. To address the requirements of ACD, this paper designs and implements a data acquisition system based on the USB (universal serial bus) 3.0 specification. The system includes USB-related hardware design, universal serial bus (FPGA) logic design, and host computer software design. As the core of this design, the software system is implemented in Python 3.11, utilizing multithreading technology to flexibly configure the number of USB devices connected to the system, and to manage device control and data transmission. Currently deployed in the VLAST ACD prototype, this system has undergone beam experiments at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. Experimental results indicate that the data acquisition system operates normally and exhibits stable performance during prolonged experiment, meeting the testing requirements of the detector.