Abstract: The development of Industry 4.0 and smart factories has driven the demand for full chain intelligent IoT, among which real-time monitoring and visualization are key links in Industry 4.0. Real time monitoring of warehouses and logistics links through IoT sensors and devices enables visual management and intelligent collaborative operation of the entire supply chain. However, the current large-scale warehousing and logistics architecture mainly includes "UHF RFID fixed card reader+antenna HUB", "UHF RFID card reader+forward link repeater", etc. These system architectures have problems such as short coverage distance and low recognition rate. To address these issues, this paper proposes an RFID passive IoT system architecture based on the separation of transmission and reception. By fully separating the forward and reverse links, continuous coverage and real-time inventory can be achieved, providing an RFID based passive IoT system architecture for IoT technology applications in large-scale warehousing and logistics environments. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional UHF RFID system architecture, the sensitivity of the passive IoT system architecture based on transceiver separation RFID has been improved by more than 10dB, and the reading accuracy has reached over 99%.