新型多功能电磁超材料天线罩研究综述

Review of novel multi-functional EM metamaterial radome research

  • 摘要: 现代无线通信和雷达系统前端的天线是整个系统中不可或缺的部件。常年暴露在各种天气或环境下的天线饱受雨雪风霜的侵蚀,介质天线罩为其提供物理保护。近年来,新型多功能电磁超材料天线罩成为新的研究热点,可对被罩天线同时提供物理和电磁保护。在天线罩的透波频段内,被罩天线发射的电磁波能无损耗地透过该天线罩,实现自由通信;在天线罩的吸波频段内,该天线罩吸收入射电磁波,降低被罩天线的雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS),从而使被罩天线难以被探测。进一步地,利用电磁超材料的电控特性,使该类天线罩实现智能调控电磁波的功能。该文主要介绍了两类电磁超材料天线罩。第1类为吸透一体低散射天线罩,典型代表为吸透一体圆锥形低散射天线罩等。第2类为智能调控低散射天线罩,包括吸透一体智能自适应低散射天线罩和高效率透射式波束可调控低散射天线罩等。

     

    Abstract: Antennas at the front end of modern wireless communication and radar systems are indispensable components of the entire system. Antennas exposed to various weather conditions or environments year-round are subject to erosion from rain, snow, wind, and frost, etc. Dielectric radomes provide physical protection for them. In recent years, new-type multifunctional electromagnetic metamaterial radomes, which can provide both physical and electromagnetic protection for the enclosed antennas simultaneously, have become a new research hotspot. Within the wave-transparent frequency band of the radome, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the enclosed antenna can pass through the radome without loss, enabling free communication; within the wave-absorbing frequency band of the radome, the radome absorbs incident electromagnetic waves and reduces the Radar Cross Section (RCS for short) of the enclosed antenna, thereby making the enclosed antenna difficult to detect. Furthermore, by utilizing the electrically controlled properties of electromagnetic metamaterials, such radomes can achieve the function of intelligently regulating electromagnetic waves. This paper mainly introduces two types of electromagnetic metamaterial radomes developed. The first type is integrated absorption-transmission low-scattering radomes, including dual-band low-scattering radomes based on a double-helix structure and integrated absorption-transmission conical low-scattering radomes, etc. The second type is intelligently adjustable low-scattering radomes, including band-tunable low-scattering radomes based on a serpentine surface, reconfigurable 3D binary low-scattering radomes, integrated absorption-transmission intelligent adaptive low-scattering radomes, and high-efficiency transmissive beam-adjustable low-scattering radomes, etc.

     

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