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电峰值电场强度从10~300 kV/cm的纳秒脉冲电场可以单独应用于肿瘤消融研究[1]。由于脉冲宽度低于细胞膜的充电周期,纳秒脉冲电场可以与细胞内的细胞器相互作用。通过选择合适的脉冲参数,纳秒脉冲可以触发肿瘤细胞凋亡,进而诱导特异性免疫,不仅可以进行局部肿瘤消融,而且可以有效防治肿瘤转移和复发[2-5]。纳秒脉冲电场的凋亡机制研究包括电场作用靶点和信号通路,电场作用靶点的探究有助于优化出最佳的脉冲参数以获得最佳的治疗效果[6-7],而信号通路的研究为增强/抑制特定的分子开发新的治疗方案。文献[8-11]分别说明了纳秒脉冲诱导肿瘤凋亡涉及p53凋亡通路、TGF-b1通路、PI3K/AKT通路、和NF-κB通路等。然而由于纳秒脉冲诱导肿瘤凋亡涉及的靶点较多,也受传统研究方法的限制,纳秒脉冲诱导肿瘤凋亡的凋亡机制尚未得到充分研究。
蛋白芯片是在载体表面有序排列的大量蛋白抗体,相较于酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和免疫印迹实验(WB)这种只能检测单种蛋白的技术,蛋白芯片可以同时检测多个蛋白。低密度蛋白芯片可以同时观测多个目标蛋白,而高密度蛋白芯片可以同时观测数以百计的蛋白质[12]。此外,蛋白芯片不仅可以快速筛选关键蛋白,还可以通过富集分析来发现它们之间的相关关系和未发现的机制。富集分析是一种针对高通量组学数据的分析手段,该分析手段基于基因集,而不是单个基因,可以快速分析基因表达[13]。纳秒脉冲诱导肿瘤凋亡的作用机制复杂,而且涉及多个靶点,因此抗体阵列和高通量蛋白组学富集分析是本研究以及类似的多靶点机制研究的高效研究方案。
本研究首先通过基于流式细胞荧光分选技术的凋亡实验,观察在脉冲电场作用小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞后不同孵育时间的凋亡率,从而间接观察脉冲电场作用细胞后的细胞凋亡过程。然后,通过蛋白芯片实验显示脉冲电场作用B16细胞后不同蛋白的差异表达,并根据GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析,分析出纳秒脉冲诱导治疗的生物学过程、分子生物学过程和相关的KEGG通路。纳秒脉冲电场刺激小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞的凋亡通路分3个步骤,而且涉及多个信号通路,如PI3K/AKT通路、NF-κB通路、TGF-b1细胞凋亡通路、肿瘤坏死因子通路和p53凋亡通路。基于蛋白芯片技术与富集分析的实验方案在多靶点机制研究中具有独特的优势,这些实验结果为设计未来的纳秒脉冲诱导治疗方案提供了参考,优化最佳的脉冲参数或增强/抑制特定的分子以获得最佳治疗效果。
Study on the Apoptosis Mechanism of Murine Melanoma B16 Cells Stimulated by Nanosecond Pulse Electric Field
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摘要: 纳秒脉冲电场具有诱导癌细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤生长和诱导抗肿瘤免疫的作用。由于纳秒脉冲诱导治疗涉及的通路过多和常规检测特异性生物标志物技术的局限性,其凋亡机制尚未达成共识且暂时没有高效的研究方法。为了深入研究凋亡机制,该文利用蛋白芯片技术和富集分析技术研究了纳秒脉冲电场诱导小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞的凋亡机制,并推导了纳秒脉冲诱导治疗的凋亡机制。该研究方法对于有此类靶点数目众多的机制研究具有独特的优势,可为设计未来的纳秒脉冲诱导治疗方案提供参考,优化最佳的脉冲参数或增强/抑制特定的分子以获得最佳治疗效果。Abstract: Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has been demonstrated to induce cancerous cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth and elicit antitumor immunity. Caused by the apoptosis mechanism of nanosecond pulse stimulation (NPS) therapy involving too many targets and the limitation of conventional detecting specific biomarker technology, the apoptosis mechanism of NPS has not been reached consensus and there is no efficient method for researching it. In order to gain further insight into the apoptosis mechanism, the paper has studied the murine melanoma B16 cells stimulated by nsPEF by using antibody array. A hypothesis for the pathway of NPS with three steps for the apoptosis mechanism was introduced. The research method possess the unique advantages in this kind of researches with huge number of targets, the obtained results could be helpful for designing future NPS therapies and aid in targeting the specific molecules with the optimal pulse parameters to obtain best therapeutic effect.
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Key words:
- antibody array /
- apoptosis /
- enrichment analysis /
- nanosecond pulsed electric field
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