Abstract: Given the increasingly diversified air defense resources in modern air defense operations, how to effectively allocate the existing combat resources to maximize the overall benefit is the key to win in air defense. Aiming at the problem, with all combat resources of each combat platform regarded as a resource pool, an optimal allocation model of air defense firepower resources is proposed in this paper to balance the relationship between damage probability and resource consumption. At the same time, an improved global best harmony search algorithm is proposed and applied to the model to realize the efficient solution of the model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation experiments in the case of simple data scale and complex one.