Abstract: To address the low sharing degree, poor access transparency, and privacy preserving problems between supply chain enterprises and departments, this paper proposes a blockchain-based supply chain data hierarchical access control mechanism. A multi-chain architecture oriented to supply chain scenarios is designed to segregate the storage of supply chain data and access control information. A hierarchical access control model based on blockchain and hierarchical attributes is proposed and implemented as smart contracts. The efficacy of proposed mechanism is demonstrated through a case study of procurement and distribution supply chain. The experiment results show that the throughput of the mechanism still maintains above 90 tps under the large-scale policies, and the average time cost of the policy decision is 26 ms.