Abstract: In the non-cooperative scenario where the carrier frequency is not known exactly, the source localization using Doppler frequency shift is investigated. By taking the erroneous carrier frequency into account, a source localization algorithm is proposed based on Doppler frequency shift. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) with erroneous carrier frequency is derived firstly, and then the proposed source localization algorithm is compared with the one ignoring erroneous carrier frequency. By simulations, it is found that although the CRLB with erroneous carrier frequency is 1.5 dB worse than the one without erroneous carrier frequency, the performance of the source localization algorithm ignoring erroneous carrier frequency deteriorates sharply. When the source localization algorithm ignoring erroneous carrier frequency starts to deviate from the CRLB, the proposed source localization algorithm can still reach the CRLB. It is not until the noise increases by nearly 40 dB that the proposed source localization algorithm begins to deviate from the CRLB. This proves that the proposed source localization algorithm is more robust and accuracy.