全孔径超宽带宽角扫描有源相控阵天线系统

Full-Aperture Ultra-Wide Bandwidth and Wide Angle Scanning Active Phased Array Antenna System

  • 摘要: 研究了一种全孔径紧耦合超宽带宽角扫描有源相控阵天线系统设计方法。通过威尔金森功分电路同时激励两个镜像对称偶极子单元,在不组阵方向阵列边缘采用延长型偶极子,消除了截断效应的影响,有效降低低频段的有源驻波,在组阵方向采用垂直金属壁取代哑元作为宽角阻抗匹配层的支撑,实现了天线阵列的全端口馈电。为满足大瞬时带宽及宽角扫描的需求,T/R组件射频链路采用了移相器加频率不敏感的延时器,改善了瞬时大带宽在大角度扫描时的波束空间色散及波形时间色散性能。将超宽带宽角扫描阵面、散热器、T/R组件、波控电源板及后盖板进行堆栈式高密度集成,研制了1×10全端口馈电的超宽带有源相控阵整机。测试结果表明,该阵列天线可跨4倍频程工作,扫描范围可以达到±45°,瞬时工作带宽可覆盖有源相控阵天线系统全频段,对实现综合多功能软件定义卫星在轨演进、降低成本、提高灵活性具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: In this paper, a full-aperture linear tightly coupled active phased array antenna system with ultra-wide bandwidth and wide angle scanning performance is described. The design procedure and implementation method of the full-port feeding tightly coupled ultra-wideband wide angle scanning array without dumb element are studied. Two mirror symmetry dipole elements are fed by a Wilkinson power divider simultaneously. Extended dipole elements are utilized at the edge of array to eliminate the truncation effect and effectively reduce the active voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at low frequencies. Vertical metal walls are utilized at the other edge of array to replace the dummy elements. Meanwhile, vertical metal walls can also support the wide angle impedance matching (WAIM) layer. Finally, the full-aperture antenna array is realized. In order to meet the requirements of large instantaneous bandwidth and wide angle scanning performance, the radio frequency link of the T/R component uses a phase shifter plus a frequency-insensitive time delay device, so as to improve the beam pointing spatial dispersion and waveform time dispersion performance of large instantaneous bandwidth while large angle scanning. The ultra-wideband wide angle scanning array aperture, cooler plate, T/R components, beam control and power board and rear cover are integrated in high-density stack-type. A 1 × 10 full-aperture ultra-wideband active phased array is fabricated. The measurement results show that the array antenna can work across 4 octaves, the scanning range is greater than or equal to ±45°, and the instantaneous operating bandwidth can cover the full frequency band of the active phased array antenna system, which is of great significance for realizing integrated multi-function software defined satellite evolution in orbit, reducing cost and improving flexibility.

     

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