Abstract: Quantum computers hold immense potential and are a disruptive computing technology that is receiving active attention both domestically and internationally. Quantum computers have gradually entered the public's view and are expected to efficiently solve problems that classical computers cannot address. This paper first summarizes the development of quantum computer systems, covering multiple levels of hardware and software. It also summarizes the existing issues in quantum computing systems, as well as the corresponding solutions and directions to be studied. Finally, the paper presents the design principles of a quantum operating system and introduces the core mechanisms of a prototype quantum operating system (QuOS).