Abstract: In view of the challenges that the modern electromagnetic spectrum equipment or terminals has such characteristics as network, agility, multi-function, adaptive, complex variety of types and working in complex environments, etc., in this paper, main research is focused on the structure of electromagnetic signal processing and analysis in complex electromagnetic environments. A new architecture is proposed, which combines artificial intelligence and is suitable for cognitive processing and analysis of electromagnetic signals in complex electromagnetic environments. In this framework, electromagnetic signal analysis and processing are divided into four levels: signal parameter estimation, signal type classification, radiation source identification, signal feature database and knowledge map construction^1-3, The framework can be used to analyze and process closed electromagnetic signal set and open electromagnetic signal set; In addition, the identification of unknown emitter, the intelligent identification of cross-modal emitter and the individual identification of electromagnetic emitter are proposed in this framework. The verification test on the measured data set shows that these algorithms are effective and feasible in closed set and open set electromagnetic signal analysis.