Abstract: Ligand-Receptor (L-R) interactions that mediate cell communication are essential for both physiological and pathological signaling. With the rapid development of single-cell sequencing technologies, decoding the intercellular communication network and biological function has become a focus of research. To date, many intercellular communication prediction methods and databases have been developed and provided key technical supports for researches on cell-cell communication. This study first explains the basic biological process of intercellular communication, then systematically compares representative databases, algorithms, and benchmark studies for predicting intercellular communication. Finally, this study outlines future challenges and outstanding questions in the field.