Abstract: A highly stable network topology is an important guarantee for the collaborative functions of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm system, including the distributed joint sensing, distributed information interaction and distributed cooperative control. In 3D dynamic application scenarios, fast and stable network topology construction is crucial for reliable applications of swarm systems, and current topology construction methods are not sufficiently studied in this aspect. In this paper, a fast distributed topology construction method for UAV swarm system is proposed, the method is based on a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm that maximizes the duration of network topology under the specific end-to-end communication delay performance requirement. To achieve fast convergence of the distributed topology construction method, the initial values are designed according to the static characteristics and dynamic trends of the swarm nodes, while the update direction and step size are optimized based on the feature similarity function. The simulation results show that the proposed method of topology construction has high stability under typical application scenarios and system configurations. With 100 nodes, the traditional PSO strategy requires an average of 5.5 iterations to obtain the optimal solution, while the proposed algorithm converges to the global optimal solution in an average of 2 iterations obtaining the same end-to-end delay and network throughput performance.