Abstract: The problem of replica placement is a key issue of distributed storage systems in cloud computing. Aiming at the uneven load among nodes and the high costs of replicas access, we propose a novel replica placement algorithm based on the immune optimization strategy. Through the computation of affinity of nodes, and with the help of clonal selection and immune memory mechanisms, the proposed algorithm can comprehensively evaluate and select the nodes for replica placement. Several simulations and conducted based on Matlab, and the results show that the algorithmpresented is able to reduce the cost of replica access, and makes the load between nodes more balanced.