IP-Based Network Coordinate Oscillation Awareness and Slow-Start Mitigation

To mitigate oscillation phenomenon in Vivaldi Network Coordinate System (NCS) and improve the accuracy of Internet distance prediction, Vivaldi is categorized as a kind of iterative method to solve non-linear equations and thus the adaptive estimation of iterative factor in Vivaldi is raised based on equations' contradictory. By defining a new metric unitization error and measuring it periodically, the awareness of network coordinate oscillation degree can be achieved in real time. Then we separate the iterative process of Vivaldi into 2 logical layers and propose a simple slow-start adaptive algorithm to estimate iterative factor automatically in order to mitigate network coordinate oscillation. The experiments and simulations show this algorithm can reduce the coordinate oscillation by no less than 83.5% without losing any velocity and accuracy, no matter what the initial value of iterative factor is. Furthermore, this algorithm can also be deployed in a hybrid environment together with raw Vivaldi to make the update of NCS smoothly.